For example, the structure formed as a disjoint
sum of
and
is a model of PA
that has an obvious expansion to a model of
PAPR
, and the set of prime integers is definable in the expanded
model but not in the original one. (Every subset of
definable in the disjoint sum of
and
is already definable in
—that is just an elementary fact
about disjoint sums that can be proved by a straightforward
induction. By the elimination of quantifiers, the primes are not
definable in
, (Presburger), and they
are therefore not definable in the disjoint sum of
and
. But the set of primes of
is easily seen
to be definable in the expanded structure—since the prime natural
numbers are definable in
—by
using a primitive recursive definition of an injection from
into
.) Thus, the expansion is not an expansion by definitions.
-- ShaughanLavine - 16 Mar 2005