Below is a lexical semantics bibliography compiled from the responses to a request posted on LINGUIST list. Thanks to, in no particular order: Jane Govoni, Doug Davison, Bill Morris, Pamela Faber, Hans Boas, Beth Levin, Chris Kennedy, John McNaught, J.W. Holmes, Annabel Cormack, Sabine Bartsch, David Anderson, David Stringer, Rebecca S. Wheeler, Chilin Shih, Andrew McIntyre, Tova Rapoport, Pedro Urena Rib, Francisco Gonzalez Garcia, Paul Hirschbuhler, Bob Krovetz, Chris Barker, and Alfredo M. Lescano. This constitutes the entire crop of references received up to March 8, 2001. If you are so inspired, please email any further suggestions to me, Heidi Harley, at hharley@u.arizona.edu; I can't promise to keep it updated, but I'll try, and I'll certainly be interested in seeing additions to the list.

Andrews, A. D. (1988). Lexical structure. Linguistics: The Cambridge Survey, Volume I. Linguistic Theory: Foundations. F. J. Newmeyer. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press. 1: 60-88.

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Baker, M. (1997). Thematic roles and syntactic structure. Elements of Grammar: Handbook of Generative Syntax. L. Haegeman. Dordrecht, Kluwer: 73-137.

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Carlson, G. and T. Roeper (1981). Morphology and subcategorization: Case and the unmarked complex verb. Lexical Grammar. T. Hoekstra, H. v. d. Hulst and M. Moortgat. Dordrecht, Foris: 123-164.

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Copestake, A. (1993). Defaults in lexical representation. Inheritance, Defaults and the Lexicon. T. Briscoe, V. d. Paiva and A. Copestake. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press: 223-245.

Copestake, A. and T. Briscoe (1996). Semi-productive polysemy and sense extension. Lexical Semantics: The Problem of Polysemy. J. Pustejovsky and B. Boguraev. Oxford, Oxford University Press: 15-68.

Copestake, A. and A. Lascarides (1997). Integrating symbolic and statistical representations: The lexicon pragmatic interface. Proceedings of ACL-97.

Copestake, A., A. Sanfilippo, et al. (1993). The ACQUILEX LKB: An introduction. Inheritance, Defaults and the Lexicon. T. Briscoe, V. d. Paiva and A. Copestake. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press: 148-163.

Cormack, A. (1998). Definitions: Implications for syntax, semantics and the Language of Thought, Garland.

Croft, W. (1990). Possible verbs and the structure of events. Meanings and prototypes: studies in linguistic categorization. S. Tsohatsidis. London, Routledge & Kegan: 48-73.

Croft, W. (1991). Syntactic categories and grammatical relations. Chicago, University of Chicago Press.

Croft, W. (1993). Case marking and the semantics of mental verbs. Semantics and the lexicon. J. Pustejovsky. Dordrecht, Kluwer: 55-72.

Croft, W. (1998). Event structure in argument linking. The composition of arguments: lexical and compositional factors. M. Butt and W. Geuder. Stanford, CSLI Publications: 21-63.

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Cruse, D. A. (1986). Lexical semantics. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.

Dagan, I. and A. Itai (1994). "Word sense disambiguation using a second language monolingual corpus." Computational Linguistics 20(4): 563-596.

Dixon, R. M. W. (1973). The semantics of giving. The Formal Analysis of Natural Languages. M. Gross, M. Halle and M.-P. Schützenberger. The Hague, Mouton: 205-223.

Dixon, R. M. W. (1991). A new approach to English grammar on semantic principles. Oxford, Oxford University Press.

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Dowty, D. R. (1989). On the semantic content of the notion "Thematic Role". Properties, Types and Meanings. G. Chierchia, B. Partee and R. Turner. Dordrecht, Kluwer Academic Publishers: 69-130.

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Fillmore, C. J. (1970). The grammar of hitting and breaking. Readings in English Transformational Grammar. R. A. Jacobs and P. S. Rosenbaum. Washington, D. C., Georgetown University Press. 1: 120-133.

Fodor, J. A. (1998). Concepts: Where cognitive science went wrong. Oxford, Clarendon Press.

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Gass, S. M. and L. Selinker (2001). Second language acquisition: An introductory course, 2nd edition, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Gleitman, L. (1993). The structural sources of verb meanings. Language Acquisition: Core Readings. P. Bloom. Cambridge, MA, MIT Press: 174-221.

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Goldberg, A. E. (1995). A construction grammar approach to argument structure. Chicago, University of Chicago Press.

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Grimshaw, J. (1990). Argument Structure. Cambridge, MA, MIT Press.

Grimshaw, J. (1993). Semantic structure and semantic content in lexical representation. Rutgers University, New Brunswick.

Grimshaw, J. (1997). "Projection, heads and optimality." 1997 28(3): 373-422.

Gropen, J., S. Pinker, et al. (1991). Affectedness and direct objects: The role of lexical semantics in the acquisition of verb argument structure. Lexical and Conceptual Semantics. B. Levin and S. Pinker. Cambridge, MA, Blackwell: 153-196.

Gropen, J., S. Pinker, et al. (1989). "The learnability and acquisition of the dative alternation in English." Language 65(2): 203-257.

The dative alternation poses a learnability paradox: when children hear give money to him and give him money, they could formulate a rule deriving the double object from the prepositional form, but the rule would allow overgeneralization from donate money to him to *donate him money. Children are not corrected for speaking ungrammatically, so how do they avoid overgeneralizing? The 'conservatism' hypothesis proposes that children do not generalize at all; the 'criteria' hypothesis holds that children learn to constrain their rule to apply to monosyllabic verbs denoting possession changes. In a questionnaire study, adults rated double-object forms as sounding better if they met these criteria. In an analysis of speech transcripts, children were found to produce ungrammatical double-object sentences (though not very frequently). In two experiments children were taught novel motion verbs; they extended them to double-object structures, and did so more often for monosyllabic than for polysyllabic verbs and more often to denote a possession transfer than motion to a location. However, children also had a bias to use each verb in the construction they heard it in. Thus children are not invariably conservative but show conservative tendencies, and their generalizations are influenced by morphophonological and semantic criteria. We propose that speakers acquire a dative rule that operates on two levels: a broad-range rule that defines the possibility of a verb meaning 'cause to move' to be changed into one meaning 'cause to have', and narrow-range rules license such extensions to be made for subclasses of semantically and morphologically similar verbs.

Gruber, J. (1967). Functions of the Lexicon in Formal Descriptive Grammar. Santa Monica, Systems Development Corporation.

Gruber, J. (1976 (1965)). Lexical structure in syntax and semantics. Amsterdam, North Holland.

Gruber, J. S. (1993). Proper argument projection in Igbo and Yoruba. SCIL-V, MIT, MIT Working Papers in Linguistics.

Hale, K. (1971). A note on a Walbiri tradition of antonymy. Semantics. D. Steinberg and L. Jakobovits. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.

Hale, K. and J. Keyser (1998). The basic elements of argument structure. Papers from the UPenn/MIT Roundtable on Argument Structure and Aspect. H. Harley. Cambridge, MA, MIT Working Papers in Linguistics. 32: 73-119.

Hale, K. and S. J. Keyser (1992). The syntactic character of thematic structure. Thematic structure: its role in grammar. I. A. Roca. Berlin, Foris. 107-143.

Hale, K. and S. J. Keyser (1993). On argument structure and the lexical representation of semantic relations. The view from Building 20. S. J. Keyser and K. Hale. Cambridge, MA, MIT Press.

Hale, K. and S. J. Keyser (1997). On the complex nature of simple predicators. Complex predicates. A. Alsina, J. Bresnan and P. Sells. Stanford, CSLI Publications: 29-65.

Harley, H. (1995). Case dependency and the Japanese causative. Papers in Minimalist Syntax. R. Pensalfini and H. Ura. Cambridge, MA, MIT Working Papers in Linguistics. 27: 121-142.

Harley, H. (1995). Subjects, Events and Licensing. Linguistics. Cambridge, MA, Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

Harley, H. (1996). If you have, you can give. WCCFL XV, University of California, Irvine, Stanford: CSLI.

Harley, H. (1996). Sase bizarre: the Japanese causative and structural case. Canadian Linguistics Association, University of Toronto Working Papers in Lingusitics.

Harley, H. (1997). "Agentivity and the split VP." Seminaros de Linguistica 1: 103-123.

Harley, H. (1997). "Logophors, variable binding and the interpretation of have." Lingua 103: 75-84.

Harley, H., Ed. (1998). Papers from the UPenn/MIT Roundtable on Argument Structure and Aspect. Cambridge, MIT Working Papers in Linguistics.

Harley, H. (1998). You're having me on! Aspects of have. La grammaire de la possession. J. Guéron and A. Zribi-Hertz. Nanterre, Université Paris X: 195-226.

Harley, H. and R. Noyer (1998). Licensing in the non-lexicalist lexicon: Nominalizations, Vocabulary Items and the Encyclopedia. Papers from the UPenn/MIT Roundtable on Argument Structure and Aspect. H. Harley. Cambridge, MA, MIT Working Papers in Linguistics. 32: 119-138.

Harley, H. and R. Noyer (1998). Mixed nominalizations, short verb movement and object shift in English. NELS 28, University of Toronto, GLSA, Amherst.

Harley, H. and R. Noyer (1999). "State-of-the-article: Distributed Morphology." GLOT 4(4).

Harley, H. and R. Noyer (2000). Formal vs. Encyclopedic properties of vocabulary: Evidence from nominalisations. The Lexicon-Encyclopedia Interface. B. Peeters. Amsterdam, Elsevier: 349-374.

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Pinker, S. (1989). Learnability and cognition: The acquisition of argument structure. Cambridge, MA, MIT Press.

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Rappaport Hovav, M. and B. Levin (1998). Building verb meanings. The Projection of Arguments: Lexical and Compositional Factors. M. Butt and W. Geuder. Stanford, CSLI Publications: 97-134.

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